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THE TEXT OF
THE GENERAL
AGREEMENT
ON TARIFFS
AND TRADE
GATT
GENERAL AGREEMENT
ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Text of
the General Agreement
GENEVA, JULY 1986
PREFACE
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade came into force on 1 January 1948. This booklet contains the complete text of the General Agreement together with all amendments which have become effective since its entry into force. The text is identical to that published, since 1969, as Volume IV in the series Basic Instruments and Selected Documents. A guide to the legal sources of the provisions of the Agreement is provided in an appendix. An Analytical Index, containing notes on the drafting, interpretation and application of the articles of the Agreement has been prepared and published by the secretariat. A second publication, complementary to this one, contains the text of the agreements reached as a result of the Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations (1973-1979).
The General Agreement is applied "provisionally" by all contracting parties. The original contracting parties, and also those former territories of Belgium, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom which, after attaining independence, acceded to the General Agreement under Article XXVI:5(c), apply the GATT under the Protocol of Provisional Application, the text of which is reproduced in this volume. Chile applies the General Agreement under a Special Protocol of September 1948. The contracting parties which have acceded since 1948 apply the General Agreement under their respective Protocols of Accession.
For the convenience of the reader, asterisks mark the portions of the text which should be read in conjunction with notes and supplementary provisions in Annex I to the Agreement. In accordance with Article XXXIV, Annexes A to I are an integral part of the Agreement. The Schedules of tariff concessions annexed to the General Agreement (not here reproduced) are also, in accordance with Article II:7, an integral part of the Agreement.
By the Decision of 23 March 1965, the Contracting Parties changed the title of the head of the GATT secretariat from "Executive Secretary" to "Director-General". However, in the absence of an amendment to the General Agreement to take account of this change, the title "Executive Secretary" has been retained in the text of Articles XVIII:12(e), XXIII:2 and XXVI:4, 5 and 6. The Decision of 23 March 1965 provides that the duties and powers conferred upon the Executive Secretary by the General Agreement "shall be exercised by the person holding the position of Director-General, who shall, for this purpose, also hold the position of Executive Secretary".
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Preface............................................................................................................................. iii
Text of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Preamble ............................................................................................................ 1
Part I
Article I General Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment............................... 2
Article II Schedules of Concessions.......................................................... 3
Part II
Article III National Treatment on Internal Taxation and
Regulation............................................................................. 6
Article IV Special Provisions relating to Cinematograph
Films...................................................................................... 8
Article V Freedom of Transit..................................................................... 8
Article VI Anti-dumping and Countervailing Duties................... 10
Article VII Valuation for Customs Purposes............ ................................. 12
Article VIII Fees and Formalities connected with Importation
and Exportation.................................................................... 14
Article IX Marks of Origin.......................................................................... 15
Article X Publication and Administration of Trade
Regulations............................................................................ 16
Article XI General Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions..................... 17
Article XII Restrictions to Safeguard the Balance of Pay-
ments..................................................................................... 18
Article XIII Non-discriminatory Administration of Quantita-
tive restrictions...................................................................... 21
Article XIV Exceptions to the rule of Non-discrimination 23
Article XV Exchange Arrangements............................................................ 24
Article XVI Subsidies.................................... 26
Article XVII State Trading Enterprises.......................................................... 27
Article XVIII Governmental Assistance to Economic Develop-
ment....................................................................................... 28
Article XIX Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Pro-
ducts...................................................................................... 36
Article XX General Exceptions..................................................................... 37
Article XXI Security Exceptions.................... 38
Article XXII Consultation............................................................................... 39
Article XXIII Nullification of Impairment...................................................... 39
Part III Page
Article XXIV Territorial Application _ Frontier Traffic _ Cus-
toms Unions and Free-trade Areas...................................... 41
Article XXV Joint Action by the Contracting Parties..................................... 44
Article XXVI Acceptance. Entry into Force and Registration......................... 45
Article XXVII Withholding or Withdrawal of Concessions............................. 46
Article XXVIII Modification of Schedules......................................................... 46
Article XXVIII bis Tariff Negotiations..................................................................... 48
Article XXIX The Relation of this Agreement to the Havana
Charter................................................................................... 49
Article XXX Amendments.............................................................................. 50
Article XXXI Withdrawal................................................................................ 51
Article XXXII Contracting Parties.................................................................... 51
Article XXXIII Accession.................................................................................... 51
Article XXXIV Annexes...................................................................................... 52
Article XXXV Non-application of the Agreement between Partic-
ular Contracing Parties......................................................... 52
Part IV Trade and Development
Article XXXVI Principles and Objectives........................................................... 53
Article XXXVII Commitments............................................................................ 55
Article XXXVIII Joint Action................................................................................ 56
Annexes A to G _ Relating to Article I.................................................................... 58
Annexe H _ Relating to Article XXVI.......................................................... 60
Annexe I _ Notes and Supplementary Provisions....................................... 62
Protocol of Provisional Application......................................................................... 77
Appendix............................................................................................................................ 79
I. Source and Effective Date of GATT Provisions.............................................. 81
II. Key to Abbreviations used in this Appendix and to Provisions in Supplementary Agreements affecting the Application of Certain
Portions of the General Agreement......................................................... 89
THE GENERAL AGREEMENT
ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
The Governments of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Kkingdom of Belgium, the United States of Brazil, Burma, Canada, Ceylon, the Republic of Chile, the Republic of China, the Republic of Cuba, the Czechoslovak Republic, the French Republic, India, Lebanon, the Grand-Duchy of Luxemburg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Kingdom of Norway, Pakistan, Southern Rhodesia, Syria, the Union of South Africa, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America:
Recognizing that their relations in the field of trade and economic endeavour should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, developing the full use of the resources of the world and expanding the production and exchange of goods,
Being desirous of contributing to these objectives by entering into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements directed to the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international commerce,
Have through their Representatives agreed as follows: